Power Of The State Organs Essay - 1739 Words

INTRODUCTION A conflict may arise in any legal system regarding the supremacy of state organs i.e. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary which bases itself upon the Doctrine of Separation of Powers. The constitution empowers the legislative bodies {Parliament / state legislative assemblies} in the country to make laws in their respective jurisdictions. However, this power is not absolute but is subject to judicial review. Power of judicial review makes Supreme Court guardian of not only fundamental rights but the constitution itself. However, at the time of enactment of the constitution, the Supreme Court derived its power to review the acts via article 13, article 226 and article 245 mainly. Article 13 declares that any law which contravenes any of the provisions of part –III {Fundamental Rights} shall be null and void. Articles 32 and 226 entrust Supreme Court and High Courts with roles of the protector and guarantor of fundamental rights Article 245 states that the powers of both Parliam ent and State legislatures are subject to the provisions of the constitution. Once the constitution was in force and Supreme Court was established, a long struggle started between Judiciary and Parliament, which ultimately culminated in what is known as Basic Structure Doctrine. The gist of this long struggle is that while parliament went on an amendment spree to achieve its socio-economic and political goals, Supreme Court kept reviewing these amendments and striking down those which wereShow MoreRelatedThe Separation Of Powers Of The United States1403 Words   |  6 Pages SEPARATION OF POWERS Sparsh Mehra* INTRODUCTION The government has three main organs that are legislature, executive and judiciary. The laws are made by legislature. The requirement of these laws is the duty of executive. 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The history of the development of transplantation has been from the beginning full of ethical debates they dealt with the mutilation of the body, not less share of experimentation on human beings, even having to redefine the concept of death, giving rise to the concept of brain death . It is undeniable that many patients have benefited thanks to these procedures, increasingRead MoreUnited Nations Security Council And World Bank1598 Words   |  7 Pagesare formed worldwide but it is mostly their mandates that categorically define the role they play. Among the most recognized, organizations that follow under the control of United Nations get an upper hand and it’s particularly made possible by the powers and control these organizations possess. This article attempts to compare and contrast the United Nations Security Council with the World Bank drawing conclusions from their mandate, style of functioning, governance and organizational culture amongRead MoreThe United Nations : The World s Largest Intergovernmental Organization1262 Words   |  6 Pagesintergovernmental organization enables the cooperation of member states on a wide variety of issues. This makes it a major player in the economic, political and security status of the world. Its presence in an Encyclopedia is thus indisputable. If I wrote an article on the United Nations, I would break it down to its membership, structure, role, funding, history, challenges and achievements. I would place photographs of leaders of member states in meetings, its headquarters and pictures of projects being

How Athens Played a Significant Role in Greek History

Relationship Between Leadership And Organizational Culture

Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture The team manager often talks with the team about her beliefs in constant personal improvement and high productivity so that her team can stand out and have an excellent resume’ when they are ready and willing to move into a different role at Humana. She encourages the team to learn about the many different areas of the company and focus on where they would like to go inside the company. The culture of this organization is fast-paced and highly competitive. There is competition between the different teams within Humana at Home as well as within the individual team itself. The team members are constantly striving to be on the top of the daily and weekly rankings for who had the most successful calls as well as call attempts. This competitive spirit is heavily driven and encouraged by the team manger. Everyday, she announces to her team where the team fell in place within Humana at Home, as well as the Stay Healthy program. If the team drops below #5 at any time, a team meeting is called to discuss why there was a drop in productivity and numbers. This, in turn creates a determination among the team to be â€Å"the best†. Also, the daily individual rankings of the team members are announced, as long as a person is in the top 10. If a member of the team falls into the bottom 25% of personal health coaches, a one-on-one meeting is held with the team manager to discuss different reasons for the lack of productivity as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Organizational Culture And Leadership Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture is a set of rules and standards; it through its words, relationships and gestures to guide the behavior of its members, and the leadership is to predict the future, to cultivate the behavior of the followers. 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Furthermore, the relationship between organizational culture and national culture has impacts on leaderships, employees, jobR ead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Development1275 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressively generate business associations with organizations whose cultures are different, employees may work with others who hold different views of what establishes effective functioning in an organization, and what relationships are existent between organizational factors and workplace effectiveness (Kwantes and Boglarsky, 2007). 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Summary Of Wicked And Lawless Men By Anne Marshall

In 1865 the Freedmen’s Bureau was created by Congress to help former black slaves and poor Southern whites after the Civil War. In chapter three, Wicked and Lawless Men, in Anne Marshall’s book, she stated that the Freedmen’s Bureau was to â€Å"provide a legal voice for the freedmen by negotiating labor contracts between African Americans and their employers and attempting to quell racial violence†¦ (Marshall 61).† The bureau was to also help provide education, housing, as well as food distribution and land redistribution - 40 acres and a mule. But, since the beginning the Freedmen’s Bureau â€Å"faced stiff resistance from conservative whites (61).† The conservative whites made sure that their attitudes towards Reconstruction were clearly presented to the public not only by their cartoons in the newspapers, but also by terrorizing the bureau’s supporters. This cartoon from Harper’s Weekly depicts what most white men believed: the Freedmen’s Bureau allowed African Americans to be idle while the white man worked hard for his money to support his family and also to â€Å"supporting† the African American. Thus angering the white man and causing violence throughout towns, especially in the South and because of this idea of giving money to African Americans, the white man hated the Freedmen’s Bureau.) Conservative white men expressed their dissatisfaction of the Freedmen’s Bureau in many ways. One way white men indicated their anger was by being passive aggressive though newspapers and

Cjs 200 Week 8 Violent Behavior Response Free Essays

Violent Behavior Response Casie Thibeault CJS 200 November 23, 2012 University of Phoenix Violent Behavior Response In today’s society the behavior of inmates continues to get worse. Many inmates in prisons have violent behavior because they feel they have nothing to live for anymore especially when they get life in prison without parole. To many inmates they feel like it does not matter what they do because they are never going to leave prison anyway. We will write a custom essay sample on Cjs 200 Week 8 Violent Behavior Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many prisons have gangs and when one first gets to prison they are told of all the rules that other inmates have made. The price for breaking these rules can be anywhere from having to beat up the biggest bad guy in jail to show ones dominance to having things taken from them. Many inmates will give up their food, money and even personal items just to be accepted or to not get hurt. Violent behavior among inmates and the prison staff is also a problem. Inmates tend to have attitude towards the staff because the staff holds them responsible for their crimes and expects them to follow the prison rules. Some inmates end up having relationships with the guards and the guards may let them do what they want as long as they get a cut of whatever the inmate may be doing illegally. Usually as long as an inmate gets their way then they will be friendly with the staff members. Many staff members treat the inmates with respect and the respect is returned. I believe if the staff treats the inmates with respect and not like scum because of their crime this also helps stop violent behavior. Some of the strategies for responding to violent behavior are to put one who has violent behavior in solitary confinement, adding more time to their sentence that they have, or even loosing privileges such as going outside to receiving mail from friends and family. Most people who are incarcerated don’t want to be there any longer than they have to and they just want to serve out their sentence without having any problems. The more violent ones behavior is will determine how much longer their sentence will last. If a prisoner has violent behavior all the time they are more likely to be incarcerated longer than they need to be. If the inmates had things to do, and could take classes and earn a degree or do something with their life while they are in jail it would give them hope for when they are free. I truly believe that it is all based on respect. If the inmates can learn to respect one another and respect the staff that is only doing their jobs, the prison system would have less violent behavior going on. How to cite Cjs 200 Week 8 Violent Behavior Response, Essay examples

Homosexuality in Iran free essay sample

For hundreds of years, the homosexual community, heretofore referred to as the LGBT community, has experienced discrimination and persecution around the world. However, the world has progressed since the times of such irrational displays of hatred and fear as the blood libels of Europe or the Salem Witch Trials. Yet, there are still places that are shrouded in retrogressive, un-liberated policies of the Middle Ages. Iran is one of these seven remaining countries in the world that still employs the death penalty as punishment for homosexuals acts. Since the Iranian Revolution in 1979 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights have been reduced to nothingness. According to numerous human rights watchdog organizations, Iran’s treatment of people who have committed such â€Å"crimes†1 is in direct and flagrant violation of the most essential human rights. Although the Iranian government claims that they have never executed anyone for said crime of homosexuality, this is of course disputed by many sources, including viral internet videos of gay men being publicly hanged. Human rights activists and opponents of the Iranian regime claim between 4,000 and 6,000 gay men and lesbians have been executed in Iran for crimes related to their sexual preference since 1979† (The Telegraph). The unjust treatment and persecution of homosexuals in Iran has led to numerous deaths by stoning, hanging, and suicide, along with the fleeing of many Iranian homosexuals to surrounding countries to try to [1] seek political asylum. There are several factors, historical, religious, and socio-political, that culminated in the social backwardness that is evident in Irans horrific and unjust treatment of its own homosexual citizens. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a land whose social and cultural landscape has been shaped by a myriad of religions, including Zoroastrianism and Islam, and the sweeping influence of European interference. Conveniently situated in between the Middle Eastern nations and the Eurasian continent, the expansively vast Iran (636,372 square miles) is literally the bridge between two worlds. After the unification of the ancient Iranian tribal peoples, there were four dynasties that preceded the Muslim conquest (651 AD). The peoples of Persia before the Muslim conquest adhered to the teachings of Zoroaster, which stressed equality, the prohibition of slavery, and human rights. The Zoroastrian religion flourished during the time of the Achaemenid Dynasty, and the Persian region in this period saw an unmatched measure of prosperity and peace. The battle of al-Qadisayyah in 632 AD marked a turning point in Persias history as it released the flood gates and made possible a full-fledged Muslim invasion and subsequent conquering of Persia. Although the Muslim conquest of Persia left the conquerers in control of a huge portion of the unified Persian territory, the Persian conversion to Islam is considered to be a gradual and complicated process. By the 9th century, Islam was the majority religion of the region, and the conversion of native Persians to the Islam had a profound affect on their lives; similarly, the interaction of the unique Persian identity with Islam had a singular affect on Islam in the region. The Middle Ages in Iran saw accomplishments in arts, literature, sciences, religion, mathematics, and architecture that paralleled that of the European Renaissance. The Early Modern Era (1501-1925) ushered in a new period for Persia. Under the auspices of Shah Ismail I and his Safavid Dynasty, Persia was united into the first Shia Islam state. Following this initial unification were a series of political moves in which the leaders of the dynasty moved the capital of the state from city to city. Two more dynasties followed the Safavids, in spite of their weak leadership and political scandal, they managed to maintain sovereignty until the corruption of the Qajars yielded increased colonization efforts and ultimately, the institution of the first parliament of Persian in 1906. The continued abatement of the strength of the Qajar Dynasty reached its pinnacle when Reza Khan led a coup detat against them and became Shah in 1925. Under his leadership, Iran industrialized, leading to the establishment of an educational system and a railroad network that took advantage of Irans convenient location near the Caspian Sea. Reza Khan was forced to abdicate his position, at which point the Pahlavis came to power. The Pahlavis led lavish lifestyles, and using revenues from oil reserve profits, they made enterprising moves towards â€Å"The White Revolution,† which was a series of reforms that were aimed at empowering the social classes that supported the monarchy. In essence, the reforms targeted the lowest classes in order to co-opt efforts against the increasingly alienated middle class. However, the middle class was not the only enemy of the Pahlavis; the (mostly exiled) religious institution of Iran was incredibly hostile towards their efforts towards the White Revolution. One religious clergy, Ayatollah Khomeini advocated for a return to relgious Islamic values and a rejection of the Pahlavi agenda. The efforts of Khomeini culminated in widespread uprisings and revolts, and ultimately would be referred to as the Revolution of 1979. The foundation of the revolution rested upon the return to highly fundamentalized Islamic values, and thus laid the groundwork and the future justification against homosexuality. The new Islamic Republic of Iran, founded by Ayatollah Khomeini, rests on three pillars, the rule of Islamic jurists, the hijab (veil) for women, and the continued opposition to Israel and the United States. The modernizing efforts of the Pahlavi reign was replaced by cultural repression that embraces outmoded stances on womens rights, religious tolerance, and human rights that has coalesced into the Iran we know today. The roots of the criminalization of homosexuality in the Islamic Republic of Iran has its foundations in the Islamic Religion. In order to understand the policies of modern Iran regarding this issue, it is crucial to examine the historical implications. â€Å"Of the Islamic states that ban lesbian and gay sex, Iran is the most zealously homophobic. Since 1980, when the fundamentalists came to power under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, over 4,000 lesbians and gay men have been executed, according to estimates by the exiled Iranian homosexual rights group, Homan† (Tavakoli). Islam is one of the most intolerant world religions when it comes to homosexuality. Verses from the Koran are clear in forbidding sexual acts if they are not between a married man and woman. In all Muslim countries where the Islamic Shari’a law is enforced, homosexuality is illegal. The specific origin of the religious injunction can be found in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, in which two men who engage in a carnal relationship and therefore suffer the consequences from G-d. The passage says, â€Å"If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them. The Koran has seven references to Sodom and Gomorrah. Surprisingly, there is only one passage in the Koran that pertains to what can be referred to as a legal position on homosexuality. It states, â€Å"And as for those who are guilty of an indecency from among your women, call to witnesses against them four (witnesses) from among you; then if they bear witness confine them to the houses until death takes them away or Allah opens some way for them. And as for the two who are guilty of indecency from among you, give them both a punishment; then if they repent and amend, turn aside from them; surely Allah is oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful† (Translated by Shakir). Although this is not black and white with what to do, it has provided guidance. Islamic jurists often turn to the collections of hadith, â€Å"a narrative record of the sayings or customs of Muhammad and his companions,† (Merriam-Webster) and Seerah, accounts of Muhammad’s life) to further their argument for punishments that may be very harsh by modern standards. Many Islamic scholars see homosexuality as a sin and punishable offense. Because there is no specific punishment established, the law is usually interpreted by local authorities at their own discretion. The moral that some people draw from the Koran is that someone who participates in homosexual acts is contradicting G-d’s creation of humans and by default is disobeying G-d. However, Islam is not the only religion to condemn homosexuality, in fact, almost all Western religions consider it to be a transgression of some holy law, including Judaism, Catholicism, and Christianity. The difference between these religions and Islam in Iran is that in almost every Westernized nation there has a separation between Church and State. In the case of Modern Iran, however, there is no such separation, and thus violating religious law is synonymous with violating civil law. It is in this way that fundamentalist clerics in Iran consider homosexual acts analogous to treason: If Islam is the law of the State, and Muslim law considers homosexuality blasphemy, then by proxy it is comparable to high treason. Since the Iranian revolution, the legal code has been based on Islamic Shari’a law. â€Å"This law states that all sexual relations that occur outside of a traditional, heterosexual marriage are illegal and no legal distinction is made between consensual or non-consensual sexual activities. Homosexual relations that occur between consenting adults in private are a crime and carry a maximum punishment of death. These laws apply to males as young as fifteen, who then become eligible for the death penalty† (Misak). Forced homosexual relations, rape, often results in execution. In some circumstances, sodomy can be a crime for which both partners are punished by death. â€Å"If this crime of sodomy is committed, both partners are punished. The punishment is death if the participants are adults, of sound mind and consenting. The homosexuals are executed based off the decisions of the Sharia judge. A young male who is not considered an adult who engages in homosexual activities is punished by being lashed 74 times. † (Misak). In the case of a person not consenting, the punishment would only apply to the rapist. The punishment for consenting gay females is 100 lashes. If the homosexual act is repeated three times and punishment is enforced each time, the death sentence will apply the fourth time. â€Å"Under Islamic law, which has been adopted by Iran’s legal system, it takes four witnesses to prove an act of homosexuality, which is a capital crime. That’s why it’s much easier for the Islamic government to invent other criminal charges against gay people to get rid of them† (Ireland). Ireland also shares, â€Å"Iranians found guilty of gay lovemaking are given a choice of four death styles: being hanged, stoned, halved by a sword or dropped from the highest perch. According to Article 152 of Iran’s penal law, if two men not related by blood are found naked under one cover without good reason, both will be punished at a judge’s discretion† (Ireland). Often, other charges are fabricated and tacked on to the initial charge in order to imprison or execute homosexuals. An example of this is â€Å"a prominent social critic and historian, Ali Akbar Saidi-Sirjani, died in detention in November, 10 months after his arrest on improbable criminal charges. The Government claims Saidi-Sirjani died of a heart attack but did not permit an independent autopsy† (U. S. Department of State). Saidi-Sirjani was charged with offenses ranging from drug dealing to homosexuality. These convictions are falsely obtained leading to more inhumane and unjust acts against the people of Iran. There are no laws that protect Iranians from hate crimes related to sexual orientation. The Iranian government believes that no such thing exists within the borders of the country and that everyone there is heterosexual. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad stated in a speech at Columbia University, â€Å"In Iran we dont have homosexuals like in your country† followed by, â€Å"In Iran we do not have this phenomenon, I dont know who has told you that we have it† (Agence France-Presse). Not only is he ignoring the truth, but he is blatantly lying. Because of this harsh reality of ignoring what is really going on and the severity of the punishment if found out, many gay Iranians do not feel comfortable coming out to even their family members. In traditional Iranian families dating is usually prohibited, so telling your parent that you are gay is an unfathomable thought. Often, gay couples are scared to even be seen together in public. Social prejudices, fear of being caught, and overwhelmingly realistic threats of punishment often keep LGBT Iranians in â€Å"hiding†. They socialize discretely at private get togethers, but even in private these get togethers can be raided by the police. In 2007, â€Å"Iranian authorities staged a brutal and violent May 10 raid on a birthday party in Esfahan which they suspected was a gay party, beating the guests and arresting 87 people, including four women, one of whom had a child with her. Some 80 of those arrested made bail or were released immediately but face possible prosecution in the future; while 17 of those arrested were imprisoned awaiting trial, and a judge told their families that they would be charged with ‘homosexual conduct’ and the consumption of alcohol† (Direland). Raids like these are reoccurring and unlawful. Media and press are constrained by censorship and are subject to violating â€Å"national security†. Unless used to promote the policy of the government, anything related to the LGBT community is prohibited. An example of this is in 2005 when. â€Å"Irans leading reformist newspaper has been shut down by the countrys hardline government after the daily Shargh published an interview with an Iranian-Canadian poet who called for greater gender equality in her homeland† (CanWest News Service). In the interview, â€Å"Saghi Ghahraman, a 50-year-old lesbian who fled Iran after its 1979 fundamentalist revolution and now lives in Toronto as a Canadian citizen, told CanWest News Service on Monday that the interview with Shargh (East) focused largely on poetry and literature but that she also stressed the importance of people being able to ‘choose one’s own identity, and one’s own sexual identity’ — provocative views to print given Tehran’s strict policies against homosexuality† (CanWest News Service). To avoid being shut down, â€Å"Shargh published a front-page apology for its interview with Ghahraman, saying it had been ‘unaware of this person’s personal traits’ and would in future ‘avoid such people and movements’† (CanWest News Service). This is just one of the form the government’s control of the people. By limiting any possible resources, it is taking away the ability for people to connect with other homosexuals around the world. Most Iranians who have attempted to seek asylum in other countries have failed. â€Å"Gay and lesbian individuals fleeing Iran seek refugee status under the ‘members of a particular social group’ (MPSG) clause of the 1951 United Nations Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. However, despite the international nature of the 1951 Convention, member states serving as Third Countries in which the refugees are permanently settled subscribe to differing interpretations of the 1951 Convention, resulting in conflicting applications of international law to those seeking refugee status for their sexual orientation† (Bretz). There was in increase in Iranians fleeing the strict restraints in 2007. â€Å"300 gays who have fled Iran since the rise of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who infamously proclaimed in 2007, to guffaws from his audience at Columbia University, that there were no gays in Iran. Most have crossed the border into Turkey, joining 2,000 Iranian refugees largely political dissidents and religious outcasts facing waits of two to three years as the United Nations processes their applications for asylum† (Fiola). Turkey is only a stepping stone in the whole process of living in a permanent, safe environment. â€Å"Turkey grants the refugees sanctuary just until the United Nations can find them homes in the United States, Canada, Western Europe or Australia† (Fiola). Hussein Nasseri, a gay Iranian man escaped Iran and fled to the UK because he â€Å"feared he would be executed if he were deported to his native Iran† (Moore London Bureau). Nasseri â€Å"killed himself after the British government turned down his second appeal for asylum† (Moore London Bureau). Another story is of â€Å"one young Iranian who fled to Turkey [who] says he was targeted by authorities for two offenses: going public with his homosexuality and taking part in last years post-election anti-government protests† (Kenyon). The young man went to â€Å"Turkey in May, fully intending to return to Tehran and his family. But now hes applying for asylum to the United States and says he cant go back as long as the current government holds power. He says he would face arrest not just for his sexuality but for taking part in the protests that rocked Iran in 2009 after the elections, which were attacked as fraudulent, that returned Ahmadinejad to power† (Kenyon). â€Å"While he was in Turkey, Voice of America interviewed him and broadcast a part of the documentary in which he talked about being shot during the protests, and about Ahmadinejads views on homosexuality. The next day, he was told, security forces raided his house in Tehran and took his father for questioning. Haghjoo went straight to the U. N. refugee agency and applied for asylum† (Kenyon). These pleas for a safe haven in a new country are not rare. People seeking a better life should have the option to do so and not be exported when in need of help. In conclusion, discrimination and persecution of homosexuals in Iran is intolerable. The Iranian Revolution in 1979 has reduced the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people to nothingness.

How Are Training and Development Effective to Organizational Performance” free essay sample

How are training and development effective to Organizational performance† Abstract: The purpose of the research is to find out how training and development effect organizational performance and to find out what is the impact of training and development in organization. Data is collected from the 100 members of different organizations. And the previous researches carried out on training and development. Training and development is important for the employees in organization, it helps the employees to improve their skills and to give a good performance in workplace. There is a big relation between training and development with the organization performance and the relationship is discussed in the paper. Introduction: The development is basically the process used to advance an employee to the desired level of performance (Holton, 1996) . Training development is process in which skills, behaviors and attitudes are altered in an employee (Laker, 1990) this shows that training includes the polishing of previous skills whereas development is a process of advancing an employee skills to a next level. It is important that top management supports training and provides an environment that is conductive to continued learning and growth and learning should be on on-going basis (Tannenbaum, 1997). Thus training and development should be a continuing process which in long term is beneficial to both the employee as well as organizational output. Training of employees is important for Organizational productivity as well as success. Organizations strongly desire to promote values such as trust creativity, Quality e. t. in their employees and for that proper training and development is necessary (Hassan, 2007). Work force development and transfer of training are important concerns of any organization (Brewer, Lim ,Cross 2008). It is important that the training program should be specific and relevant because its success depends upon the characteristics of the training program itself (Taylor, 1992). Hr practices such as employee selection, appraisal, training and development, compensation are the key point in the performance of an organization (Hassan, 2007). Most of the rganizations have a rigid, wel-defined structure and are not prepared for rapid changes in the environment (Nadim and singh, 2008). Yaghi, Goodman, Holton, Bates (2008) Strongly emphasize on learning and learning transfer ,not only by supervisors but also by other employees and workers. The basic purpose of the paper is to see the result of training and development of employees and managers working in industrial sector and see how it improves their skills, inner capabilities and to sharpen their existent talent and finally working for the betterment of organization . As an employee has a great role in influencing the work outcomes of an organization (Subramony 2009). There is a great effect of training and development to organizational performance. Training and development department helps the employs in boosting up their skills. Dysvik and kuvaas, (2008) prove a positive relationship between perceived training opportunities and task performance. Actually every person is talented, training and development helps in the sharpening their talents skills and making them work in a way that they is helpful for the organization and to enhance their performance at workplace. As a learning process results in innovation and organizations can adapt to changes in a better way (Kontoghiorghes, Awbrey ,Feurig 2005). so, training and development of employees is necessary for organizations to survive and cope up with upcoming challenges. Literature review: Independent variable=Training and development Dependent variable=Organizational performance Variables: The objective of my research is study that how training and development is effective to organizational performance. Independent variables: The dependent variable is the organizational performance which depends on the training and development of an employee. Training should be given and designed or conducted in a way that it is helpful for the trainee and even it is according to the trainee expectations and need (Hutchins ,2009). Training is considered as a critical function of maintaining and development of working capabilities in employees(Valle ,Martin ,Romero ,Dolan 2000). The right training is the one in which the trainee learns ad gets the skills and knowledge that is right to his job. (Cromwell and Kolb, 2004). Two types of training is given to the employees one is internal and other is external, internal training is given by the company it self and external training is given by the outsiders or agencies. Chen, Holton, Bates (2005) lay stress on motivation of employees and persuading them to enhance their skills by training transfer process . Many of the public sector workplaces also face a serious problem of training and development (Yadipadithaya, 2001). Trainings are assessed by taking training tests in which the test declares the trainee knowledge , attributes , skills learned during the training of the job . Tan, Hall, Boyce 2003). High level of learning and training orientations makes the employee more interested and more motivated in learning at workplace (Hartenstein 2001). Organizations continue to look for training for achieving their goals and for achieving for high goals and performance (Krieger, Mclinden, and Casper 2004). Organizational training is a method used to achieve max imum profit and to achieve maximum productivity (tan, hall, Boyce 2003). Organization learning and organization training is the key for the organization success (Egan, yang, Bartlett 2004). Organization learning and training not only contribute on the performance of the organization but also reduce the cost, its helps in reducing turnover rates and helps to train the existent employee to perform well for the organization (Egan, Yang, Bartlett, 2004). A trained employee will always try to put his extra knowledge in the job and always will try to improve the performance of the organization (Burke and Baldwin, 1999). Many organizations spend million of money for the training session in a year so that they achieve the maximum performance and outcome (Krishnaveni and Sripirabaa, 2008). Organization should use training program for the satisfaction of employees (Krishnaveni and Sripirabaa 2008). facilitating trainer training programs will enhance the trainer job performance in organization (Lim 1999). Supervising the trainee and the trainer design will help the trainee to promote the organizational objectives (Lim 1999). well-trained employees do a more efficient and effective jobs and training would decrease the chances of mistakes. (Saibang and Schwindt 1998). While training an employee it should be noted that training should be according to the behavior and interests of the employees . The lack of diversity training especially with respect to trainee characteristics is increasingly a serious problem (Roberson ,Kulik ,Pepper 2001). one thing should be kept in mind while training an employee that the expectations from the employee should be realistic ( Drake, Mackler, Stephens 2002) Training also strengthens the commitment of the employees to the organization which helps in the organization objective. (Eaglen, Lashley, Thomas 2000 ). The cross culture training is done in organizations to make the cross cultural assignment successful , which helps in the organizations performance . Bennet , Aston ,Colquhoun 2000) Organizational performance (dependent variable): Strategies on the implementation of training and development are the core for the business success (Wilkins 2001). The more the organization emphasizes on the organizations performance, the more it emphasizes on the training of the employees (Eaglen, Lashley, Thomas 2000) . The benefit of trained employee is th at they promote the performance of the organization (Glance, Hogg and Huberman 1997). If the manager decides to train his members then the productivity of the organization will increase (Glance, Hogg and Huberman 1997). ncreasing the training and skills of the employees will also enhance the effective of the organization (Collins , Holton 2004). In organizational performance, there is a big role of learning and training of employees. (Hutchins, 2009). The human resource development can provide professional staff development that can enhance the organizational performance in a positive way (Holmes 1998). There is likely to be a positive return on diversity training process on the organizations (Weithoff ,2004) H1: training and development has a positive relationship with organizational performance.